What this meansA florist is a person who prepares, arranges and sells flowers and helps customers choose suitable designs.

中文解释花艺师是处理、设计和销售鲜花，并帮助顾客选择合适花艺作品的人。

What this meansFloristry is the skilled work and art of preparing, arranging and selling flowers.

中文解释花艺是处理、设计和销售鲜花的专业工作与艺术。

What this meansA flower shop is a business where flowers, plants and floral arrangements are prepared and sold.

中文解释花店是制作并销售鲜花、植物和花艺作品的店铺。

What this meansA flower market is a place where growers, wholesalers, florists or customers buy and sell flowers.

中文解释花市是种植者、批发商、花艺师或顾客买卖鲜花的地方。

What this meansFresh flowers are living flowers that have recently been cut or harvested and have not been dried or preserved.

中文解释鲜花是刚被剪切或采收、尚未干燥或加工保存的活花材。

What this meansCut flowers are flowers removed from the plant and sold as stems for bouquets or arrangements.

中文解释切花是从植株上剪下，作为花枝用于花束或插花作品的鲜花。

What this meansA bouquet is a group of flowers arranged together and usually tied or wrapped so it can be carried or given as a gift.

中文解释花束是把多枝鲜花组合、绑扎或包装在一起，便于手持或作为礼物赠送的花艺作品。

What this meansA flower arrangement is a planned design made by placing flowers and foliage together in a container or supporting structure.

中文解释插花作品是按照设计把鲜花和叶材放入容器或固定结构中组合而成的作品。

What this meansA bunch is a group of flowers or stems gathered and sold together, often without a detailed floral design.

中文解释一把或一束花是把多枝鲜花或花材集中在一起出售，通常没有复杂的花艺设计。

What this meansOne flower or one bloom means a single open flower head rather than a whole bunch or stem count.

中文解释一朵花指一个单独开放的花头，不是整束花，也不是按花枝数量计算。

What this meansOne stem means one individual cut stalk, which may carry one flower or several flowers.

中文解释一枝花指一根单独剪下的花茎，上面可能有一朵或多朵花。

What this meansA stem is the stalk that supports a flower or leaf and carries water upward through the plant.

中文解释花茎是支撑花朵或叶片的茎，也负责把水分向上输送。

What this meansA flower head or bloom is the flowering part at the top of a stem; bloom can also mean an open flower.

中文解释花头或花朵是花茎顶端开花的部分；bloom也可以指已经开放的花。

What this meansA bud is a young flower that is still closed or only beginning to open.

中文解释花苞是尚未开放或刚开始开放的幼小花朵。

What this meansA petal is one of the coloured or delicate parts that form the visible flower.

中文解释花瓣是组成可见花朵的彩色或柔软片状部分之一。

What this meansA sepal is a small leaf-like part beneath a flower that protected the bud before it opened.

中文解释萼片是花朵下方像小叶片的部分，在花苞开放前起保护作用。

What this meansA leaf is the usually green, flat part of a plant that makes energy from light.

中文解释叶子通常是植物绿色而扁平的部分，利用光制造生长所需的能量。

What this meansFoliage or greenery means leaves and leafy stems used to add shape, colour, texture and support to floral work.

中文解释叶材或绿叶是用于为花艺作品增加造型、颜色、质感和支撑的叶片及带叶枝条。

What this meansA branch is a woody or firm stem growing from a plant; florists use branches for height, line and structure.

中文解释枝条是从植物上生长出的木质或较坚硬的茎，花艺师用它增加高度、线条和结构。

What this meansA thorn is a sharp pointed growth on a plant stem that can prick or cut the skin.

中文解释刺是植物茎上尖锐的突起，可能刺伤或划伤皮肤。

What this meansA root is the part of a plant that usually grows underground, anchors it and absorbs water and nutrients.

中文解释根通常生长在地下，用来固定植物并吸收水分和养分。

What this meansA bulb is an underground storage structure containing food and a young plant, from which some flowers grow.

中文解释球根是地下的储存结构，里面有养分和幼株，一些花卉会从球根中生长。

What this meansFragrance is the pleasant smell or scent given off by flowers or foliage.

中文解释花香是鲜花或叶材散发出的好闻气味或香气。

What this meansSeasonal flowers are flowers naturally available or at their best during a particular time of year.

中文解释时令花材是在一年中特定季节自然供应较多或状态最佳的鲜花。

About this flowerA classic, fragrant flower available in many colours. Roses often symbolise love, although the meaning changes with the colour.

花材介绍与寓意玫瑰是一种经典且常有香味的花，有多种颜色。玫瑰通常象征爱情，但不同颜色的含义有所不同。

About this flowerA branching rose with several small blooms on one stem. It adds soft colour and fullness to bouquets.

花材介绍与寓意多头玫瑰一枝上有多朵小花，能为花束增加柔和的色彩和丰满感。

About this flowerA large, elegant flower often used as a focal flower. Lilies commonly symbolise purity, but true lilies are extremely toxic to cats.

花材介绍与寓意百合花大而优雅，常用作焦点花。百合通常象征纯洁，但真正的百合对猫有极强毒性。

About this flowerA large, strongly fragrant lily with dramatic blooms. It is popular in premium bouquets but is extremely toxic to cats.

花材介绍与寓意东方百合花朵大、香味浓，常用于高档花束，但对猫有极强毒性。

About this flowerAn elegant spring flower available in almost every colour imaginable. Tulips often symbolise perfect or deep love.

花材介绍与寓意郁金香是一种优雅的春季花卉，几乎有你能想到的所有颜色。它通常象征完美或深厚的爱情。

About this flowerA long-lasting, ruffled flower in many colours. Carnations often express love, admiration or remembrance.

花材介绍与寓意康乃馨花瓣褶皱、花期较长，有多种颜色，通常表达爱、敬意或怀念。

About this flowerA sturdy, long-lasting flower available in many forms and colours. Its meaning varies by culture, from joy and longevity to remembrance.

花材介绍与寓意菊花结实耐放，花型和颜色很多。它在不同文化中的含义不同，可象征快乐、长寿或纪念。

About this flowerA bright daisy-shaped flower with a bold, cheerful look. Gerberas often symbolise happiness and cheerfulness.

花材介绍与寓意非洲菊像大雏菊，色彩鲜艳、感觉欢快，通常象征幸福和快乐。

About this flowerA large golden flower with a strong visual impact. Sunflowers often symbolise warmth, happiness and loyalty.

花材介绍与寓意向日葵金黄而醒目，视觉效果强，通常象征温暖、幸福和忠诚。

About this flowerAn elegant, long-lasting flower with a sculptural shape. Orchids often symbolise beauty, refinement and luxury.

花材介绍与寓意兰花优雅、耐放，花型具有雕塑感，通常象征美丽、高雅和华贵。

About this flowerA lush, romantic flower with many soft petals. Peonies often symbolise romance, prosperity and a happy marriage.

花材介绍与寓意牡丹花瓣繁多、丰满浪漫，通常象征爱情、富贵和婚姻幸福。

About this flowerA large rounded cluster made of many small flowers. Hydrangeas create volume and often symbolise gratitude or heartfelt emotion.

花材介绍与寓意绣球花由许多小花组成大而圆的花球，能增加花艺作品的体积，常象征感激或真挚的感情。

About this flowerA light, airy filler with many tiny white or pink flowers. It often symbolises everlasting love and innocence.

花材介绍与寓意满天星有许多白色或粉色小花，轻盈通透，常用作填充花材，通常象征永恒的爱和纯真。

About this flowerA colourful, long-lasting flower with striped petals. It often symbolises friendship, devotion and mutual support.

花材介绍与寓意六出花色彩丰富、耐放，花瓣常有条纹，通常象征友谊、忠诚和相互支持。

About this flowerA soft, rose-like flower with elegant buds and blooms. It often symbolises appreciation and gratitude.

花材介绍与寓意洋桔梗柔美，花朵像玫瑰，花苞和开放花都很优雅，通常象征欣赏和感激。

About this flowerA delicate, sweetly scented flower with curved stems. Freesias often symbolise friendship, trust and thoughtfulness.

花材介绍与寓意小苍兰精致、香味甜美，花茎弯曲，通常象征友谊、信任和体贴。

About this flowerA distinctive flower with elegant upright petals. Irises often symbolise hope, wisdom and courage.

花材介绍与寓意鸢尾花造型独特，花瓣挺拔优雅，通常象征希望、智慧和勇气。

About this flowerA cheerful spring flower, usually yellow or white. Daffodils often symbolise new beginnings and hope.

花材介绍与寓意水仙花是欢快的春季花卉，通常为黄色或白色，常象征新的开始和希望。

About this flowerA dramatic flower available in many sizes, shapes and colours. Dahlias often symbolise inner strength, commitment and elegance.

花材介绍与寓意大丽花醒目华丽，大小、花型和颜色很多，通常象征内在力量、承诺和优雅。

About this flowerA delicate flower with a dark centre and papery petals. Anemones can symbolise anticipation or protection.

花材介绍与寓意银莲花花瓣轻薄、花心较深，外形精致，可象征期待或守护。

About this flowerA romantic flower with many tightly layered petals. Ranunculus often symbolises charm and radiant attractiveness.

花材介绍与寓意花毛茛有许多紧密重叠的花瓣，浪漫精致，通常象征迷人的魅力和光彩。

About this flowerA tall line flower with many blooms along the stem. Delphiniums add height and often symbolise an open heart and positivity.

花材介绍与寓意飞燕草是一种高挑的线状花材，花朵沿花茎开放，能增加高度，通常象征开朗、真诚和积极。

About this flowerA fragrant line flower with clusters of soft blooms. Stock often symbolises lasting beauty and affection.

花材介绍与寓意紫罗兰花香浓郁，花朵成簇排列在花茎上，通常象征持久的美和深情。

About this flowerA tall line flower with colourful blooms shaped like little mouths. Snapdragons add height and texture and often symbolise grace and strength.

花材介绍与寓意金鱼草高挑，彩色花朵像小嘴，能增加高度和质感，通常象征优雅和力量。

About this flowerA bold, architectural flower with a distinctive textured head. Proteas often symbolise courage, strength and transformation.

花材介绍与寓意帝王花造型大胆、富有建筑感，花头质感独特，通常象征勇气、力量和转变。

About this flowerA dramatic tropical flower shaped like a colourful bird. It often symbolises freedom, joy and paradise.

花材介绍与寓意鹤望兰像一只色彩鲜艳的鸟，是醒目的热带花材，通常象征自由、快乐和天堂般的美好。

About this flowerA smooth, trumpet-shaped flower with a clean modern form. Calla lilies often symbolise elegance and purity; they are not true lilies but can still be harmful if eaten.

花材介绍与寓意马蹄莲花形光滑如喇叭，造型简洁现代，通常象征优雅和纯洁。它不属于真正的百合，但误食仍可能有害。

About this flowerA tall line flower with large blooms opening up the stem. Gladioli often symbolise strength, integrity and remembrance.

花材介绍与寓意剑兰高挑，较大的花朵沿花茎依次开放，通常象征力量、正直和怀念。

About this flowerA small daisy-like flower often used as a colourful filler. Asters commonly symbolise love, patience and wisdom.

花材介绍与寓意紫菀像小雏菊，常作彩色填充花材，通常象征爱、耐心和智慧。

About this flowerA fragrant purple flower used for texture, scent and a natural garden style. Lavender often symbolises calmness, devotion and serenity.

花材介绍与寓意薰衣草是有香味的紫色花材，可增加质感、香气和自然花园风格，通常象征平静、忠诚和安宁。

About this flowerA woody filler flower with many small waxy blooms. It adds texture and often symbolises lasting love and patience.

花材介绍与寓意蜡花枝条较木质化，有许多蜡质小花，能增加质感，通常象征长久的爱和耐心。

About this flowerA papery, long-lasting filler flower that also dries well. Statice often symbolises remembrance and lasting beauty.

花材介绍与寓意补血草花瓣像纸，耐放且适合干燥保存，常用作填充花材，通常象征怀念和持久的美。

What this meansFiller flowers are small or branching flowers used to fill gaps, soften edges and connect the main flowers in a design.

中文解释填充花材是小型或多分枝的花，用来填补空隙、柔化边缘并连接作品中的主花。

What this meansEucalyptus is fragrant foliage with rounded or narrow leaves, often used to add soft colour, movement and scent.

中文解释桉树叶是有香味的叶材，叶片可圆可细，常用来增加柔和色彩、动感和香气。

What this meansFern is leafy foliage with divided or feathery fronds, used to add a natural shape, texture and background.

中文解释蕨叶是叶片分裂或呈羽毛状的叶材，用来增加自然造型、质感和背景层次。

What this meansRuscus is sturdy, long-lasting greenery with pointed leaves, often used to outline or support an arrangement.

中文解释假叶树是一种结实耐放、叶片尖长的叶材，常用来勾勒轮廓或支撑花艺作品。

What this meansIvy is a trailing vine with decorative leaves, used to create flowing lines or a cascading effect.

中文解释常春藤是带有装饰性叶片的蔓生植物，用来形成流动线条或下垂效果。

What this meansA monstera leaf is a large tropical leaf with natural splits or holes, used as a bold focal leaf.

中文解释龟背竹叶是带有天然裂口或孔洞的大型热带叶片，常作为醒目的焦点叶材。

What this meansA palm leaf is a large tropical frond used to add height, width, strong lines or an exotic style.

中文解释棕榈叶是大型热带叶材，用来增加高度、宽度、明显线条或热带风格。

What this meansDusty miller is soft silver-grey foliage used to add a pale colour and velvety texture.

中文解释银叶菊是柔软的银灰色叶材，用来增加浅色调和绒面质感。

What this meansA magnolia leaf is a firm glossy leaf, often green above and brown beneath, used for strong texture and contrast.

中文解释木兰叶坚硬有光泽，通常正面绿色、背面褐色，用来增加明显质感和色彩对比。

What this meansCamellia foliage consists of glossy dark-green leaves used as durable greenery in arrangements.

中文解释山茶叶是有光泽的深绿色叶材，耐用，常作为插花作品中的配叶。

What this meansNew Zealand flax has long, strong strap-like leaves that can be folded, looped or woven in modern designs.

中文解释新西兰亚麻有长而坚韧的带状叶片，可在现代花艺中折叠、弯成环形或编织。

What this meansPittosporum is branching greenery with small leaves, used to create volume, shape and a natural background.

中文解释海桐是带有许多小叶的分枝叶材，用来增加体积、造型和自然背景。

What this meansAn olive branch is a slender grey-green leafy branch used for soft movement and a Mediterranean style.

中文解释橄榄枝是带灰绿色叶片的细长枝条，用来增加柔和动感和地中海风格。

What this meansRosemary is an aromatic herb with narrow leaves, used for fragrance, texture and a natural garden style.

中文解释迷迭香是有香气、叶片细长的香草，用来增加香味、质感和自然花园风格。

What this meansMānuka or tea tree is a woody New Zealand branch with small leaves and flowers, used for fine texture and local character.

中文解释麦卢卡是新西兰木质枝材，带有小叶和小花，用来增加细腻质感和本地特色。

What this meansMoss is a soft, low-growing plant material used to cover mechanics, hold moisture and create a natural surface.

中文解释苔藓是柔软低矮的植物材料，用来遮盖固定结构、保持湿度并营造自然表面。

What this meansBerries are small fruits on stems used to add round shapes, colour and seasonal texture to floral work.

中文解释浆果是长在枝条上的小果实，用来为花艺作品增加圆形、色彩和季节质感。

What this meansA decorative branch is selected for its shape, colour or texture and used to add height, line or structure.

中文解释装饰枝材因其造型、颜色或质感而被选用，用来增加高度、线条或结构。

What this meansFlorist scissors are sharp scissors designed for accurately cutting softer flower stems, leaves, ribbon and paper.

中文解释花艺剪是专门用于准确剪切较软花茎、叶片、丝带和纸张的锋利剪刀。

What this meansSecateurs or pruning shears are strong hand cutters used for thick, woody or tough stems.

中文解释修枝剪是用于剪切粗硬、木质或坚韧花枝的强力手持剪刀。

What this meansA florist knife is a small sharp knife used to make clean cuts on stems and prepare plant material.

中文解释花艺刀是用于整齐切割花茎和处理植物材料的小型锋利刀具。

What this meansWire cutters are pliers with cutting edges designed to cut floral wire safely without damaging scissors.

中文解释钢丝钳是带有切割刃的钳子，用来安全剪断花艺铁丝，避免损坏剪刀。

What this meansA thorn stripper is a tool used to remove thorns and sometimes leaves from rose stems.

中文解释除刺器是用来去除玫瑰花茎上的刺，有时也可去除叶片的工具。

What this meansFloral wire is thin bendable metal wire used to support, secure, extend or shape flowers and foliage.

中文解释花艺铁丝是细而可弯曲的金属丝，用来支撑、固定、延长或塑造花材和叶材。

What this meansFloral tape is stretchy tape that sticks to itself and covers wire or binds stems neatly.

中文解释花艺胶带是一种有弹性、会粘住自身的胶带，用来包裹铁丝或整齐绑扎花茎。

What this meansWaterproof tape is moisture-resistant tape used to secure floral mechanics to containers.

中文解释防水胶带是不易受水影响的胶带，用来把花艺固定结构牢固地粘在容器上。

What this meansFloral foam is a shaped foam block that holds stems in position; wet foam also supplies water to fresh flowers.

中文解释花泥是固定花茎位置的泡沫块；湿花泥还能为鲜花提供水分。

What this meansChicken wire is flexible wire mesh shaped inside a container to support and separate flower stems.

中文解释铁丝网是可弯曲的网状金属材料，可放在容器内支撑并分隔花茎。

What this meansA flower frog or kenzan is a heavy pin holder placed in a container to hold stems upright at chosen angles.

中文解释剑山是放在容器里的有重量针座，用针固定花茎，使其按需要的角度直立。

What this meansA vase is a decorative container, usually open at the top, used to hold cut flowers and water.

中文解释花瓶通常是顶部开口的装饰性容器，用来盛放切花和水。

What this meansA container is any vessel or base used to hold and support a floral arrangement.

中文解释容器是用于盛放并支撑花艺作品的任何器皿或底座。

What this meansA bucket is a deep open container used to carry water and hydrate or store cut flowers.

中文解释水桶是较深的开口容器，用来装水、给切花补水或暂时存放切花。

What this meansA spray bottle produces a fine mist of water for lightly moistening flowers, foliage or work surfaces.

中文解释喷雾瓶能喷出细小水雾，用来轻轻湿润花朵、叶材或工作表面。

What this meansRibbon is a narrow decorative strip of fabric used to tie, finish or decorate bouquets and gifts.

中文解释丝带是窄条装饰布料，用来绑扎、收尾或装饰花束和礼物。

What this meansTwine is strong thin string used to tie stems, secure mechanics or attach decorations.

中文解释麻绳是结实的细绳，用来绑扎花茎、固定结构或连接装饰物。

What this meansKraft paper is strong brown wrapping paper used to protect and present bouquets.

中文解释牛皮纸是结实的棕色包装纸，用来保护并包装展示花束。

What this meansTissue paper is thin soft paper used as a decorative or protective layer around flowers and gifts.

中文解释薄页纸是轻薄柔软的纸，用作鲜花和礼物外面的装饰层或保护层。

What this meansClear wrapping film is transparent waterproof material used to protect and display bouquets.

中文解释透明包装膜是透明防水材料，用来保护花束并让花材清楚可见。

What this meansA message card is a small card carrying the sender’s written words for the recipient.

中文解释留言卡是写有送花人给收花人话语的小卡片。

What this meansFlower food is a measured preservative mixed with water to feed cut flowers and reduce harmful bacteria.

中文解释鲜花保鲜剂是按比例加入水中的养护剂，可为切花提供养分并减少有害细菌。

What this meansGloves cover and protect the hands from thorns, sap, dirt, chemicals and sharp materials.

中文解释手套覆盖并保护双手，防止被花刺、汁液、泥土、化学品或尖锐材料伤害。

What this meansA coolroom or flower chiller is a refrigerated room or cabinet that slows flower ageing and keeps stock fresh.

中文解释鲜花冷藏室是低温房间或冷柜，用来减缓鲜花老化并保持库存新鲜。

What this meansTo condition flowers means to prepare them after arrival by cleaning, trimming and hydrating them correctly.

中文解释给鲜花做预处理是指鲜花到货后进行清洁、修剪和正确补水，使其进入良好状态。

What this meansTo process a flower delivery means to check new stock, unpack it, remove damage, recut it, hydrate it and store it correctly.

中文解释处理到货鲜花是检查新花材、拆包、去除受损部分、重新剪切、补水并正确存放。

What this meansTo recut the stems means to make a fresh cut at the bottom so the flowers can absorb water more effectively.

中文解释重新修剪花茎是指在花茎底部重新切一刀，使鲜花能更有效地吸水。

What this meansTo cut on an angle means to make a diagonal cut across a stem, increasing the exposed surface for water uptake.

中文解释斜剪是沿花茎切出斜面，增加吸水的切口面积。

What this meansTo remove the lower leaves means to take off any leaves that would sit below the waterline and encourage bacteria.

中文解释去掉下部叶子是把会浸在水线以下的叶片去除，以免滋生细菌。

What this meansTo remove the thorns means to carefully take sharp points off a stem so it is safer to handle.

中文解释去刺是小心去除花茎上的尖刺，使花材更安全、更容易操作。

What this meansTo hydrate flowers means to let them take up enough clean water to become firm and fresh.

中文解释给鲜花补水是让花材吸收足够的清洁水分，恢复挺拔和新鲜状态。

What this meansTo change the water means to replace old vase or bucket water with fresh clean water.

中文解释换水是把花瓶或水桶里的旧水倒掉，换成新鲜干净的水。

What this meansTo clean the vase means to wash and disinfect it so dirt and bacteria do not shorten flower life.

中文解释清洗花瓶是把花瓶洗净并消毒，防止污垢和细菌缩短鲜花寿命。

What this meansTo keep flowers cool means to store them at a suitable low temperature so they lose less water and age more slowly.

中文解释保持低温是把鲜花存放在合适的较低温度下，使其减少失水并减缓老化。

What this meansTo avoid direct sunlight means to keep flowers out of strong sun, which causes heat, water loss and faster wilting.

中文解释避免阳光直射是让鲜花远离强烈日光，因为日晒会造成升温、失水和更快枯萎。

What this meansKeeping flowers away from fruit protects them from ethylene gas, which can make many flowers age faster.

中文解释让鲜花远离水果可以避免乙烯气体影响，因为乙烯会使许多鲜花更快老化。

What this meansThe waterline is the level reached by the water inside a vase, bucket or container.

中文解释水线是花瓶、水桶或容器内水面达到的高度。

What this meansVase life is the length of time cut flowers remain attractive and usable after being placed in water.

中文解释瓶插寿命是切花插入水中后保持美观和可使用状态的时间长度。

What this meansThe cold chain is continuous temperature-controlled handling from grower to shop that keeps flowers cool and fresh.

中文解释冷链是从种植者到花店持续进行的温度控制过程，使鲜花始终保持低温和新鲜。

What this meansFresh means recently harvested, well hydrated and still firm, colourful and in good condition.

中文解释新鲜指刚采收、吸水良好，仍然挺拔、颜色正常且状态良好。

What this meansWilted means limp, drooping or shrivelled because the plant material has lost water or deteriorated.

中文解释枯萎指植物材料因失水或变质而变软、下垂或皱缩。

What this meansBruised or crushed means plant tissue has been damaged by pressure, causing marks, softness or broken cells.

中文解释压伤指植物组织受到挤压而损坏，出现痕迹、变软或细胞破裂。

What this meansDamaged means harmed, broken or no longer in acceptable condition for sale or use.

中文解释受损指花材被伤害、破损或已经不适合销售或使用。

What this meansMould is unwanted fungal growth that may appear as fuzzy patches and can spread in damp conditions.

中文解释霉菌是不需要的真菌生长物，可能呈绒毛状斑块，并会在潮湿环境中扩散。

What this meansBacteria are microscopic organisms; harmful bacteria in water can block stems and shorten vase life.

中文解释细菌是微小的生物；水中的有害细菌会堵塞花茎并缩短瓶插寿命。

What this meansTo discard something means to throw it away because it is damaged, unsafe or no longer usable.

中文解释丢弃是把受损、不安全或无法继续使用的物品扔掉。

What this meansTo rotate the stock means to use or sell older flowers before newer deliveries so less stock is wasted.

中文解释轮换库存是先使用或销售较早到货的鲜花，再使用新到货的花材，以减少浪费。

What this meansFirst in, first out means the stock received earliest should be used or sold first.

中文解释先进先出是指最早到货的库存应最先使用或销售。

What this meansToxic or poisonous means capable of causing illness, injury or death if eaten, touched or otherwise exposed in sufficient amount.

中文解释有毒指在摄入、接触或达到一定暴露量时，可能引起疾病、伤害甚至死亡。

What this meansAn allergy is an immune reaction to a substance, which may cause itching, rash, swelling, sneezing or breathing problems.

中文解释过敏是免疫系统对某种物质产生的反应，可能引起瘙痒、皮疹、肿胀、打喷嚏或呼吸困难。

What this meansSap is the liquid that moves through a plant; some sap can irritate skin or stain surfaces.

中文解释汁液是在植物内部流动的液体；有些植物汁液会刺激皮肤或弄脏表面。

What this meansFloral design is the planned creative arrangement of flowers, foliage and other materials.

中文解释花艺设计是有计划地创意组合鲜花、叶材和其他材料。

What this meansBotanical materials are natural plant materials such as flowers, leaves, branches, fruit, moss and roots.

中文解释植物材料是天然植物部分，如花朵、叶片、枝条、果实、苔藓和根。

What this meansMechanics are the usually hidden materials and methods that hold a floral design securely in place.

中文解释固定结构是把花艺作品牢固固定住的材料和方法，通常隐藏在作品内部。

What this meansA base medium is the supporting material in or on a container into which stems are placed or secured.

中文解释基础介质是容器内或容器上的支撑材料，花茎会插入或固定在其中。

What this meansA hand-tied bouquet is assembled and held in the hand while the stems are arranged and tied at one binding point.

中文解释手绑花束是在手中组合花材，把花茎排列好后在一个绑扎点固定的花束。

What this meansThe spiral technique places every new stem at the same angle so the stems form a spiral and the bouquet opens evenly.

中文解释螺旋手法是把每根新花茎以相同角度加入，使花茎形成螺旋并让花束均匀展开。

What this meansThe binding or junction point is the place where bouquet stems cross and are held or tied together.

中文解释绑扎点是花束中花茎交叉并被握住或绑在一起的位置。

What this meansWiring and taping means supporting a flower with wire and covering the wire neatly with floral tape.

中文解释铁丝和胶带固定是用铁丝支撑花材，再用花艺胶带把铁丝整齐包裹起来。

What this meansSupport wiring adds wire to a stem or flower head to strengthen it and control its position.

中文解释铁丝支撑是在花茎或花头上加铁丝，使其更结实并便于控制位置。

What this meansA focal flower is a dominant, eye-catching flower that attracts attention in a design.

中文解释焦点花是作品中占主导、最吸引视线的花材。

What this meansA line flower has blooms arranged along a tall or curved stem and is used to establish direction and height.

中文解释线状花材的花朵沿高直或弯曲花茎排列，用来确定方向和高度。

What this meansA mass flower has a full rounded shape and is used to build visual weight and volume.

中文解释块状花材形状丰满圆润，用来增加视觉重量和体积。

What this meansA form flower has a distinctive shape and is used individually as a strong feature or focal element.

中文解释造型花材具有独特外形，常单独使用，成为醒目的特色或焦点元素。

What this meansA filler flower has many small blooms and fills spaces between larger flowers.

中文解释填充花材有许多小花，用来填补较大花朵之间的空隙。

What this meansThe focal point is the area of a design that attracts the viewer’s attention first.

中文解释焦点是花艺作品中最先吸引观看者注意力的区域。

What this meansBalance is the feeling that a design is visually and physically stable rather than heavy on one side.

中文解释平衡是作品在视觉和实际结构上都显得稳定，不会偏向某一侧的感觉。

What this meansProportion is the size relationship between flowers, foliage, container and the complete design.

中文解释比例是鲜花、叶材、容器与整个作品之间的大小关系。

What this meansScale is the size of a design or element compared with its surroundings, purpose or human body.

中文解释尺度是作品或其中元素相对于环境、用途或人体的大小。

What this meansRhythm is the visual flow that guides the eye through a design using repeated lines, colours, shapes or spaces.

中文解释韵律是通过重复线条、颜色、形状或空间，引导视线在作品中移动的视觉流动。

What this meansRepetition means using the same colour, flower, shape or texture more than once to connect a design.

中文解释重复是在作品中多次使用相同颜色、花材、形状或质感，使整体相互连接。

What this meansHarmony is the pleasing effect created when the colours, materials and style work well together.

中文解释和谐是颜色、材料和风格彼此协调时产生的舒适统一效果。

What this meansUnity is the sense that every part of a design belongs together as one complete work.

中文解释统一是作品的每个部分都相互联系，形成一个完整整体的感觉。

What this meansContrast is a noticeable difference in colour, size, shape or texture used to create interest.

中文解释对比是颜色、大小、形状或质感上的明显差异，用来增加视觉趣味。

What this meansTexture is how a material looks or feels, such as smooth, rough, soft, glossy or spiky.

中文解释质感是材料看起来或摸起来的感觉，如光滑、粗糙、柔软、有光泽或带刺。

What this meansMovement is the sense of direction or visual flow created by the lines and placement of materials.

中文解释动势是通过材料的线条和位置形成的方向感或视觉流动。

What this meansNegative space is the deliberately empty area around or between materials that lets the design breathe.

中文解释留白是材料周围或之间有意保留的空白区域，使作品更通透。

What this meansA colour palette is the selected group of colours used together in a design.

中文解释配色方案是一件作品中选择并搭配使用的一组颜色。

What this meansSymmetrical means the two sides are the same or closely mirror each other around a central line.

中文解释对称的意思是中线两侧相同或近似互为镜像。

What this meansAsymmetrical means the two sides are different but are arranged to create visual balance.

中文解释不对称的意思是两侧不同，但通过安排仍能形成视觉平衡。

What this meansFoam-free means a design is made without floral foam, using alternatives such as wire, pin holders or reusable supports.

中文解释无花泥是指作品不使用花泥，而使用铁丝网、剑山或可重复使用的支撑物等替代方法。

What this meansSustainable means reducing environmental harm by limiting waste, reusing materials and choosing responsible products and methods.

中文解释可持续是通过减少浪费、重复使用材料并选择负责任的产品和方法来降低环境影响。

What this meansA vase arrangement is a floral design made and presented in a vase containing water.

中文解释花瓶插花是在装有水的花瓶中制作并展示的花艺作品。

What this meansA posy is a small, compact, usually round bouquet that is easy to hold or give as a gift.

中文解释小圆花束是体积较小、紧凑、通常呈圆形的花束，便于手持或送礼。

What this meansA bridal bouquet is the bouquet designed for and carried by a bride during a wedding.

中文解释新娘捧花是专为新娘设计并由新娘在婚礼上手持的花束。

What this meansA cascading bouquet is designed so flowers and foliage flow downward like a waterfall.

中文解释瀑布式花束让鲜花和叶材像瀑布一样向下延伸。

What this meansA presentation or sheaf bouquet has long stems arranged to lie across the recipient’s arm.

中文解释臂抱花束由较长花茎组成，设计成横放在收花人的手臂上。

What this meansA buttonhole or boutonnière is a small floral piece worn on the lapel of a jacket.

中文解释胸花是佩戴在西装或外套翻领上的小型花饰。

What this meansA corsage is a small floral design worn on the wrist, clothing or shoulder for a special occasion.

中文解释腕花或胸花是在特殊场合佩戴于手腕、衣服或肩部的小型花饰。

What this meansA flower crown is a ring or band of flowers and foliage worn around the head.

中文解释花冠是由鲜花和叶材制成、戴在头上的环形或带状花饰。

What this meansA wreath is a circular floral design used for doors, decoration, remembrance or funerals.

中文解释花圈是圆形花艺作品，可用于门饰、装饰、纪念或葬礼。

What this meansA garland is a long flexible strand of flowers or greenery used to decorate tables, arches, walls or people.

中文解释花环或花带是由鲜花或绿叶组成的长而柔软的装饰条，用于桌面、拱门、墙面或人体装饰。

What this meansA table centrepiece is a floral design placed as the main decoration on a table.

中文解释桌花是放在桌上作为主要装饰的花艺作品。

What this meansSympathy flowers are sent to comfort someone who is grieving or experiencing a loss.

中文解释慰问花是在他人悲伤或遭遇失去时送去表达安慰的鲜花。

What this meansA funeral tribute is a floral design made to honour someone who has died and displayed at a funeral or memorial.

中文解释丧礼花艺是为纪念逝者而制作，并在葬礼或追思活动中展示的花艺作品。

What this meansA floral installation is a large, site-specific floral structure made for an event, display or interior space.

中文解释大型花艺装置是为活动、展示或室内空间制作的大型特定场地花艺结构。

What this meansA floral arch is an arch-shaped structure decorated with flowers and foliage, often used at weddings and events.

中文解释拱门花艺是在拱形结构上装饰鲜花和叶材，常用于婚礼和活动。

What this meansA customer is the person who asks about, orders or pays for the flowers or service.

中文解释顾客是咨询、订购或付款购买鲜花或服务的人。

What this meansThe recipient is the person who will receive the flowers or gift.

中文解释收花人是最终收到鲜花或礼物的人。

What this meansAn order is a confirmed request recording what the customer wants, the price and fulfilment details.

中文解释订单是记录顾客所需产品、价格和完成细节的确认请求。

What this meansA custom order is designed or made specifically for one customer rather than selected as a standard product.

中文解释定制订单是根据某位顾客的具体要求专门设计或制作，而不是选择标准产品。

What this meansAn occasion is the event or reason for buying flowers, such as a birthday, wedding or funeral.

中文解释场合是购买鲜花的事件或原因，如生日、婚礼或葬礼。

What this meansA budget is the amount of money a customer is willing or able to spend.

中文解释预算是顾客愿意或能够花费的金额。

What this meansA quote or quotation is the stated price for proposed flowers, materials, labour and delivery before the order is accepted.

中文解释报价是在订单确认前，对拟用鲜花、材料、人工和配送所给出的价格。

What this meansThe wholesale price is the price charged when goods are sold to a business for resale, usually before retail mark-up.

中文解释批发价是把商品卖给企业用于再次销售时收取的价格，通常尚未加上零售加价。

What this meansThe retail price is the final price charged to the customer buying the product.

中文解释零售价是向最终购买产品的顾客收取的价格。

What this meansMark-up is the amount or percentage added to cost to help cover expenses and create profit.

中文解释加价率是在成本上增加的金额或百分比，用于支付经营费用并产生利润。

What this meansA deposit is part of the total price paid in advance to confirm an order or booking.

中文解释定金是提前支付的部分总价，用来确认订单或预订。

What this meansThe balance due is the amount of money still unpaid after deposits or earlier payments are deducted.

中文解释应付余款是扣除定金或之前付款后仍未支付的金额。

What this meansAn invoice is a document requesting payment and listing the products, services, quantities, prices and total owed.

中文解释发票或付款单是要求付款的文件，列出产品、服务、数量、价格和应付总额。

What this meansA receipt is proof that payment has been received, showing what was purchased and how much was paid.

中文解释收据是已经收到付款的证明，显示购买内容和支付金额。

What this meansA card message is the personal wording the sender wants written on the card accompanying the flowers.

中文解释贺卡留言是送花人希望写在随花贺卡上的个人话语。

What this meansDelivery is the transport of flowers from the shop to the recipient or requested location.

中文解释配送是把鲜花从花店运送到收花人或指定地点。

What this meansThe delivery address is the complete location where the flowers must be taken.

中文解释送货地址是鲜花需要送达的完整地点信息。

What this meansA delivery window is the agreed range of time during which delivery is expected to occur.

中文解释配送时间段是双方约定预计完成送货的一段时间范围。

What this meansPick-up or collection means the customer or recipient comes to the shop to take the order away.

中文解释自取是顾客或收花人到花店领取并带走订单。

What this meansOut of stock means the product is not currently available because none remains for sale.

中文解释缺货表示该产品目前没有剩余库存，暂时无法销售。

What this meansOut of season means a flower is not naturally available or is difficult to obtain at that time of year.

中文解释过季表示某种鲜花在当时的季节不自然供应或很难获得。

What this meansA substitute is a different flower or product used in place of the original choice because it is unavailable or unsuitable.

中文解释替代品是在原选择缺货或不合适时，用来代替它的另一种鲜花或产品。

What this meansTo confirm means to check and formally agree that details are correct and the order will proceed.

中文解释确认是核对并正式同意信息正确，订单将继续进行。

What this meansA cancellation is the stopping of an order, booking or service before it is completed.

中文解释取消是在订单、预订或服务完成前将其停止。

What this meansA refund is money returned to a customer after a payment has already been made.

中文解释退款是在顾客已经付款后退还给顾客的钱。

What this meansA wedding consultation is a detailed meeting to discuss the couple’s style, flowers, colours, budget, venue and required designs.

中文解释婚礼花艺咨询是详细讨论新人的风格、花材、颜色、预算、场地和所需作品的会谈。

What this meansAn event brief is a written summary of the client’s requirements, style, schedule, venue, budget and practical constraints.

中文解释活动需求说明是对客户要求、风格、时间安排、场地、预算和实际限制的书面总结。

What this meansLead time is the time needed between confirming an order and having it ready or delivered.

中文解释制作周期是从确认订单到作品准备完成或送达所需要的时间。

What this meansA deadline is the latest date or time by which work must be completed.

中文解释截止时间是工作必须完成的最晚日期或时刻。

What this meansGift wrapping is decorative wrapping added to present and protect an item intended as a gift.

中文解释礼品包装是为作为礼物的物品添加的装饰性包装，同时起到展示和保护作用。